Internal packages

Warning

Users shouldn’t use anything from this package directly, use re-exports

genlayer.py

this module and it’s submodules contain entities that don’t depend on wasm and can be executed in pure python

genlayer.py._internal

genlayer.py._internal.reflect

genlayer.py._nn

Basic support for generating embeddings

This file is highly inspired by tinygrad (MIT license)

genlayer.py._nn.onnx_ops

class genlayer.py._nn.onnx_ops.Any

Special type indicating an unconstrained type.

• Any is compatible with every type.

• Any assumed to have all methods.

• All values assumed to be instances of Any.

Note that all the above statements are true from the point of view of static type checkers. At runtime, Any should not be used with instance checks.

static __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)

class genlayer.py._nn.onnx_ops.Sequence

All the operations on a read-only sequence.

Concrete subclasses must override __new__ or __init__, __getitem__, and __len__.

count(value) → integer -- return number of occurrences of value

index(value[, start[, stop]]) → integer -- return first index of value.

Raises ValueError if the value is not present.

Supporting start and stop arguments is optional, but recommended.

genlayer.py._nn.tensor

class genlayer.py._nn.tensor.Sequence

All the operations on a read-only sequence.

Concrete subclasses must override __new__ or __init__, __getitem__, and __len__.

count(value) → integer -- return number of occurrences of value

index(value[, start[, stop]]) → integer -- return first index of value.

Raises ValueError if the value is not present.

Supporting start and stop arguments is optional, but recommended.

genlayer.py.calldata

This module is responsible for working with genvm calldata

Calldata supports following types:

1. Primitive types:

   1. python built-in: bool, None, int, str, bytes

   2. Address() type

2. Composite types:

   1. list and dict, as well as collections.abc.Sequence and collections.abc.Mapping

   #. CalldataEncodable # dataclasses

For full calldata specification see genvm repo

class genlayer.py.calldata.CalldataEncodable

Abstract class to support calldata encoding for custom types

Can be used to simplify code

abstract __to_calldata__() → Any

Override this method to return calldata-compatible type

Warning

returning self may lead to an infinite loop

Return type:

Any

genlayer.py.calldata.decode(mem0: Buffer) → Any

Decodes calldata encoded bytes into python DSL

Out of composite types it will contain only dict and list

Return type:

Any

genlayer.py.calldata.encode(x: ~typing.Any, *, default: ~typing.Callable[[~typing.Any], ~typing.Any] = <function <lambda>>) → bytes

Encodes python object into calldata bytes

Parameters:

default (Callable[[Any], Any]) – function to be applied to each object recursively, it must return object encodable to calldata

Return type:

bytes

Warning

All composite types will be coerced to dict and list, so custom type information won’t be preserved

genlayer.py.calldata.to_str(d: Any) → str

Transforms calldata DSL into human readable json-like format, should be used for debug purposes only

Return type:

str

genlayer.py.eth

This module is responsible for interactions with ghost contracts

class genlayer.py.eth.MethodEncoder

Type used to encode method call

__init__(name: str, params: list[type], ret: type)

encode(args: list[Any]) → bytes

encodes args according to this encoder params to produce a calldata

Returns:

full calldata encoded call: both selector and arguments

Return type:

bytes

make_sig() → str

calculates signature that is used for making method selector

Return type:

str

name: str

method name

params: list[type]

method parameter types

ret: type

return type (can be unused)

selector: bytes

calculated function “selector”, see eth docs

genlayer.py.eth.decode(params: list[type], data: Buffer) → list[Any]

Parameters:

• params (list[type]) – eth method returns (if it returns a single value, i.e. u32, provide a list of one element)

• data (Buffer) – eth calldata encoded structure that conforms to params, note that it must not contain selector

Returns:

list of what is encoded in the calldata

Return type:

list[Any]

genlayer.py.eth.calldata

Module that provides eth calldata encoding and decoding

class genlayer.py.eth.calldata.MethodEncoder

Type used to encode method call

__init__(name: str, params: list[type], ret: type)

encode(args: list[Any]) → bytes

encodes args according to this encoder params to produce a calldata

Returns:

full calldata encoded call: both selector and arguments

Return type:

bytes

make_sig() → str

calculates signature that is used for making method selector

Return type:

str

name: str

method name

params: list[type]

method parameter types

ret: type

return type (can be unused)

selector: bytes

calculated function “selector”, see eth docs

genlayer.py.eth.calldata.decode(params: list[type], data: Buffer) → list[Any]

Parameters:

• params (list[type]) – eth method returns (if it returns a single value, i.e. u32, provide a list of one element)

• data (Buffer) – eth calldata encoded structure that conforms to params, note that it must not contain selector

Returns:

list of what is encoded in the calldata

Return type:

list[Any]

genlayer.py.eth.generate

class genlayer.py.eth.generate.EthContractDeclaration

__init__(*args, **kwargs)

class genlayer.py.eth.generate.EthContractProxy

__init__(address: Address, view_impl: Callable[[EthContractProxy], TView], send_impl: Callable[[EthContractProxy], TWrite])

genlayer.py.get_schema

genlayer.py.get_schema.get_schema(contract: type) → Any

Uses python type reflections to produce GenVM ABI schema

Return type:

Any

genlayer.py.keccak

Implements keccak hash

Source code is taken from ctz/keccak (Apache 2.0 license)

genlayer.py.storage

class genlayer.py.storage.Array

Constantly sized array that can be persisted on the blockchain

__init__()

This class can’t be created with Array()

Raises:

TypeError – always

count(value) → integer -- return number of occurrences of value

index(value[, start[, stop]]) → integer -- return first index of value.

Raises ValueError if the value is not present.

Supporting start and stop arguments is optional, but recommended.

class genlayer.py.storage.DynArray

Represents exponentially growing array (list in python terms) that can be persisted on the blockchain

__init__()

This class can’t be created with DynArray()

Raises:

TypeError – always

__repr__() → str

Return repr(self).

Return type:

str

append(value: T) → None

S.append(value) – append value to the end of the sequence

clear() → None -- remove all items from S

count(value) → integer -- return number of occurrences of value

extend(values)

S.extend(iterable) – extend sequence by appending elements from the iterable

index(value[, start[, stop]]) → integer -- return first index of value.

Raises ValueError if the value is not present.

Supporting start and stop arguments is optional, but recommended.

insert(index: int, value: T) → None

S.insert(index, value) – insert value before index

pop([index]) → item -- remove and return item at index (default last).

Raise IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.

remove(value)

S.remove(value) – remove first occurrence of value. Raise ValueError if the value is not present.

reverse()

S.reverse() – reverse IN PLACE

class genlayer.py.storage.TreeMap

Represents a mapping from keys to values that can be persisted on the blockchain

__eq__(other)

Return self==value.

__hash__ = None

__init__()

This class can’t be created with TreeMap()

Raises:

TypeError – always

__repr__() → str

Return repr(self).

Return type:

str

clear() → None.  Remove all items from D.

compute_if_absent(k: K, supplier: Callable[[], V]) → V

Returns:

Value associated with k if it is present, otherwise get’s new value from the supplier, stores it at k and returns

Return type:

V

get(k: K, default: G = None) → V | G

Returns:

Value associated with k or default if there is no such value

Return type:

V | G

items() → a set-like object providing a view on D's items

Return type:

ItemsView

keys() → a set-like object providing a view on D's keys

pop(k[, d]) → v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.

If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised.

popitem() → (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair

as a 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.

setdefault(k[, d]) → D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D

update([E, ]**F) → None.  Update D from mapping/iterable E and F.

If E present and has a .keys() method, does: for k in E.keys(): D[k] = E[k] If E present and lacks .keys() method, does: for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v In either case, this is followed by: for k, v in F.items(): D[k] = v

values() → an object providing a view on D's values

class genlayer.py.storage.VecDB

Data structure that supports storing and querying vector data

There are two entities that can act as a key:

1. vector (can have duplicates)

2. id (int alias, can’t have duplicates)

genlayer.py.storage._internal.core

class genlayer.py.storage._internal.core.ComplexCopyAction

__init__(*args, **kwargs)

class genlayer.py.storage._internal.core.StorageMan

__init__(*args, **kwargs)

class genlayer.py.storage._internal.core.TypeDesc

Basic type description

__init__(size: int, copy_actions: list[CopyAction])

copy_actions: list[CopyAction]

actions that must be executed for copying this data

int represents memcpy

abstract get(slot: StorageSlot, off: int) → T

Method that reads value from slot and offset pair

Return type:

T

abstract set(slot: StorageSlot, off: int, val: T) → None

Method that writes value to slot and offset pair

size: int

size that value takes in current slot

genlayer.py.storage._internal.desc_base_types

class genlayer.py.storage._internal.desc_base_types.Address

Represents GenLayer Address

SIZE = 20

Constant that represents size of a Genlayer address

__init__(val: str | Buffer)

Parameters:

val (str | Buffer) – either a hex encoded address (that starts with ‘0x’), or base64 encoded address, or buffer of 20 bytes

Warning

checksum validation is not performed

property as_b64: str

Returns:

base64 representation of an address (most compact string)

property as_bytes: bytes

Returns:

raw bytes of an address (most compact representation)

property as_hex: str

Returns:

checksum string representation

property as_int: int

Returns:

int representation of an address (unsigned little endian)

class genlayer.py.storage._internal.desc_base_types.ComplexCopyAction

__init__(*args, **kwargs)

class genlayer.py.storage._internal.desc_base_types.StorageMan

__init__(*args, **kwargs)

class genlayer.py.storage._internal.desc_base_types.TypeDesc

Basic type description

__init__(size: int, copy_actions: list[CopyAction])

copy_actions: list[CopyAction]

actions that must be executed for copying this data

int represents memcpy

abstract get(slot: StorageSlot, off: int) → T

Method that reads value from slot and offset pair

Return type:

T

abstract set(slot: StorageSlot, off: int, val: T) → None

Method that writes value to slot and offset pair

size: int

size that value takes in current slot

genlayer.py.storage._internal.desc_record

class genlayer.py.storage._internal.desc_record.ComplexCopyAction

__init__(*args, **kwargs)

class genlayer.py.storage._internal.desc_record.StorageMan

__init__(*args, **kwargs)

class genlayer.py.storage._internal.desc_record.TypeDesc

Basic type description

__init__(size: int, copy_actions: list[CopyAction])

copy_actions: list[CopyAction]

actions that must be executed for copying this data

int represents memcpy

abstract get(slot: StorageSlot, off: int) → T

Method that reads value from slot and offset pair

Return type:

T

abstract set(slot: StorageSlot, off: int, val: T) → None

Method that writes value to slot and offset pair

size: int

size that value takes in current slot

class genlayer.py.storage._internal.desc_record.WithRecordStorageSlot

genlayer.py.storage._internal.generate

Module that uses reflections that generates python-friendly views to GenVM storage format (mapping from slot addresses to linear memories)

genlayer.py.storage.tree_map

class genlayer.py.storage.tree_map.TreeMap

Represents a mapping from keys to values that can be persisted on the blockchain

__init__()

This class can’t be created with TreeMap()

Raises:

TypeError – always

compute_if_absent(k: K, supplier: Callable[[], V]) → V

Returns:

Value associated with k if it is present, otherwise get’s new value from the supplier, stores it at k and returns

Return type:

V

get(k: K, default: G = None) → V | G

Returns:

Value associated with k or default if there is no such value

Return type:

V | G

items() → a set-like object providing a view on D's items

Return type:

ItemsView

genlayer.py.storage.vec

class genlayer.py.storage.vec.Array

Constantly sized array that can be persisted on the blockchain

__init__()

This class can’t be created with Array()

Raises:

TypeError – always

class genlayer.py.storage.vec.DynArray

Represents exponentially growing array (list in python terms) that can be persisted on the blockchain

__init__()

This class can’t be created with DynArray()

Raises:

TypeError – always

append(value: T) → None

S.append(value) – append value to the end of the sequence

insert(index: int, value: T) → None

S.insert(index, value) – insert value before index

pop([index]) → item -- remove and return item at index (default last).

Raise IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.

genlayer.py.storage.vecdb

class genlayer.py.storage.vecdb.VecDB

Data structure that supports storing and querying vector data

There are two entities that can act as a key:

1. vector (can have duplicates)

2. id (int alias, can’t have duplicates)

class genlayer.py.storage.vecdb.VecDBElement

__init__(db: VecDB[T, S, V], idx: u32, distance: Dist)

genlayer.py.types

Module that provides aliases for storage types and blockchain-specific types

class genlayer.py.types.Address

Represents GenLayer Address

SIZE = 20

Constant that represents size of a Genlayer address

__init__(val: str | Buffer)

Parameters:

val (str | Buffer) – either a hex encoded address (that starts with ‘0x’), or base64 encoded address, or buffer of 20 bytes

Warning

checksum validation is not performed

property as_b64: str

Returns:

base64 representation of an address (most compact string)

property as_bytes: bytes

Returns:

raw bytes of an address (most compact representation)

property as_hex: str

Returns:

checksum string representation

property as_int: int

Returns:

int representation of an address (unsigned little endian)

class genlayer.py.types.Lazy

Base class to support lazy evaluation

__init__(_eval: Callable[[], T])

get() → T

Performs evaluation if necessary (only ones) and stores the result

Returns:

result of evaluating

Raises:

iff evaluation raised, this outcome is also cached, so subsequent calls will raise same exception

Return type:

T

exception genlayer.py.types.Rollback

Exception that will be treated as a “Rollback”

__init__(msg: str)

class genlayer.py.types.bigint

Just an alias for int, it is introduced to prevent accidental use of low-performance big integers in the store

alias of int

class genlayer.py.types.u256

Alias for int that is used for typing

alias of int

genlayer.std._internal

class genlayer.std._internal.ContractError

Represents “Contract error” result of a contract that is passed to validator function of genlayer.std.run_nondet()

Validating leader output is the only place where contract can “handle” contract error

__eq__(other)

Return self==value.

__hash__ = None

__init__(data: str) → None

__repr__()

Return repr(self).

class genlayer.std._internal.ContractReturn

Represents a normal “Return” result of a contract that is passed to validator function of genlayer.std.run_nondet()

__eq__(other)

Return self==value.

__hash__ = None

__init__(data: Any) → None

__repr__()

Return repr(self).

class genlayer.std._internal.Lazy

Base class to support lazy evaluation

__init__(_eval: Callable[[], T])

get() → T

Performs evaluation if necessary (only ones) and stores the result

Returns:

result of evaluating

Raises:

iff evaluation raised, this outcome is also cached, so subsequent calls will raise same exception

Return type:

T

class genlayer.std._internal.LazyApi

__call__(*args: R, **kwargs: R) → T

Immediately execute and get the result

Return type:

T

__init__(*args, **kwargs)

lazy(*args: R, **kwargs: R) → Lazy

Wrap evaluation into Lazy and return it

Return type:

Lazy

class genlayer.std._internal.ResultCode

__abs__()

abs(self)

__add__(value, /)

Return self+value.

__and__(value, /)

Return self&value.

__bool__()

True if self else False

__ceil__()

Ceiling of an Integral returns itself.

__dir__()

Returns public methods and other interesting attributes.

__divmod__(value, /)

Return divmod(self, value).

__eq__(value, /)

Return self==value.

__float__()

float(self)

__floor__()

Flooring an Integral returns itself.

__floordiv__(value, /)

Return self//value.

__format__(format_spec, /)

Convert to a string according to format_spec.

__ge__(value, /)

Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(name, /)

Return getattr(self, name).

__gt__(value, /)

Return self>value.

__hash__()

Return hash(self).

__index__()

Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list.

__init__(*args, **kwds)

__int__()

int(self)

__invert__()

~self

__le__(value, /)

Return self<=value.

__lshift__(value, /)

Return self<<value.

__lt__(value, /)

Return self<value.

__mod__(value, /)

Return self%value.

__mul__(value, /)

Return self*value.

__ne__(value, /)

Return self!=value.

__neg__()

-self

__new__(value)

__or__(value, /)

Return self|value.

__pos__()

+self

__pow__(value, mod=None, /)

Return pow(self, value, mod).

__radd__(value, /)

Return value+self.

__rand__(value, /)

Return value&self.

__rdivmod__(value, /)

Return divmod(value, self).

__reduce_ex__(proto)

Helper for pickle.

__repr__()

Return repr(self).

__rfloordiv__(value, /)

Return value//self.

__rlshift__(value, /)

Return value<<self.

__rmod__(value, /)

Return value%self.

__rmul__(value, /)

Return value*self.

__ror__(value, /)

Return value|self.

__round__()

Rounding an Integral returns itself.

Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer.

__rpow__(value, mod=None, /)

Return pow(value, self, mod).

__rrshift__(value, /)

Return value>>self.

__rshift__(value, /)

Return self>>value.

__rsub__(value, /)

Return value-self.

__rtruediv__(value, /)

Return value/self.

__rxor__(value, /)

Return value^self.

__sizeof__()

Returns size in memory, in bytes.

__str__()

Return repr(self).

__sub__(value, /)

Return self-value.

__truediv__(value, /)

Return self/value.

__trunc__()

Truncating an Integral returns itself.

__xor__(value, /)

Return self^value.

as_integer_ratio()

Return a pair of integers, whose ratio is equal to the original int.

The ratio is in lowest terms and has a positive denominator.

>>> (10).as_integer_ratio()
(10, 1)
>>> (-10).as_integer_ratio()
(-10, 1)
>>> (0).as_integer_ratio()
(0, 1)

bit_count()

Number of ones in the binary representation of the absolute value of self.

Also known as the population count.

>>> bin(13)
'0b1101'
>>> (13).bit_count()
3

bit_length()

Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.

>>> bin(37)
'0b100101'
>>> (37).bit_length()
6

conjugate()

Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.

denominator

the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms

from_bytes(byteorder='big', *, signed=False)

Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes.

bytes

Holds the array of bytes to convert. The argument must either support the buffer protocol or be an iterable object producing bytes. Bytes and bytearray are examples of built-in objects that support the buffer protocol.

byteorder

The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is ‘big’, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little’, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder’ as the byte order value. Default is to use ‘big’.

signed

Indicates whether two’s complement is used to represent the integer.

imag

the imaginary part of a complex number

is_integer()

Returns True. Exists for duck type compatibility with float.is_integer.

numerator

the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms

real

the real part of a complex number

to_bytes(length=1, byteorder='big', *, signed=False)

Return an array of bytes representing an integer.

length

Length of bytes object to use. An OverflowError is raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of bytes. Default is length 1.

byteorder

The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is ‘big’, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little’, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder’ as the byte order value. Default is to use ‘big’.

signed

Determines whether two’s complement is used to represent the integer. If signed is False and a negative integer is given, an OverflowError is raised.

exception genlayer.std._internal.Rollback

Exception that will be treated as a “Rollback”

__cause__

exception cause

__context__

exception context

__getattribute__(name, /)

Return getattr(self, name).

__init__(msg: str)

__new__(**kwargs)

__reduce__()

Helper for pickle.

__repr__()

Return repr(self).

__str__()

Return str(self).

add_note()

Exception.add_note(note) – add a note to the exception

with_traceback()

Exception.with_traceback(tb) – set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

genlayer.std._internal.prompt_ids

class genlayer.std._internal.prompt_ids.IntEnum

Enum where members are also (and must be) ints

__abs__()

abs(self)

__add__(value, /)

Return self+value.

__and__(value, /)

Return self&value.

__bool__()

True if self else False

__ceil__()

Ceiling of an Integral returns itself.

__dir__()

Returns public methods and other interesting attributes.

__divmod__(value, /)

Return divmod(self, value).

__eq__(value, /)

Return self==value.

__float__()

float(self)

__floor__()

Flooring an Integral returns itself.

__floordiv__(value, /)

Return self//value.

__format__(format_spec, /)

Convert to a string according to format_spec.

__ge__(value, /)

Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(name, /)

Return getattr(self, name).

__gt__(value, /)

Return self>value.

__hash__()

Return hash(self).

__index__()

Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list.

__init__(*args, **kwds)

__int__()

int(self)

__invert__()

~self

__le__(value, /)

Return self<=value.

__lshift__(value, /)

Return self<<value.

__lt__(value, /)

Return self<value.

__mod__(value, /)

Return self%value.

__mul__(value, /)

Return self*value.

__ne__(value, /)

Return self!=value.

__neg__()

-self

__new__(value)

__or__(value, /)

Return self|value.

__pos__()

+self

__pow__(value, mod=None, /)

Return pow(self, value, mod).

__radd__(value, /)

Return value+self.

__rand__(value, /)

Return value&self.

__rdivmod__(value, /)

Return divmod(value, self).

__reduce_ex__(proto)

Helper for pickle.

__repr__()

Return repr(self).

__rfloordiv__(value, /)

Return value//self.

__rlshift__(value, /)

Return value<<self.

__rmod__(value, /)

Return value%self.

__rmul__(value, /)

Return value*self.

__ror__(value, /)

Return value|self.

__round__()

Rounding an Integral returns itself.

Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer.

__rpow__(value, mod=None, /)

Return pow(value, self, mod).

__rrshift__(value, /)

Return value>>self.

__rshift__(value, /)

Return self>>value.

__rsub__(value, /)

Return value-self.

__rtruediv__(value, /)

Return value/self.

__rxor__(value, /)

Return value^self.

__sizeof__()

Returns size in memory, in bytes.

__str__()

Return repr(self).

__sub__(value, /)

Return self-value.

__truediv__(value, /)

Return self/value.

__trunc__()

Truncating an Integral returns itself.

__xor__(value, /)

Return self^value.

as_integer_ratio()

Return a pair of integers, whose ratio is equal to the original int.

The ratio is in lowest terms and has a positive denominator.

>>> (10).as_integer_ratio()
(10, 1)
>>> (-10).as_integer_ratio()
(-10, 1)
>>> (0).as_integer_ratio()
(0, 1)

bit_count()

Number of ones in the binary representation of the absolute value of self.

Also known as the population count.

>>> bin(13)
'0b1101'
>>> (13).bit_count()
3

bit_length()

Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.

>>> bin(37)
'0b100101'
>>> (37).bit_length()
6

conjugate()

Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.

denominator

the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms

from_bytes(byteorder='big', *, signed=False)

Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes.

bytes

Holds the array of bytes to convert. The argument must either support the buffer protocol or be an iterable object producing bytes. Bytes and bytearray are examples of built-in objects that support the buffer protocol.

byteorder

The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is ‘big’, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little’, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder’ as the byte order value. Default is to use ‘big’.

signed

Indicates whether two’s complement is used to represent the integer.

imag

the imaginary part of a complex number

is_integer()

Returns True. Exists for duck type compatibility with float.is_integer.

numerator

the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms

real

the real part of a complex number

to_bytes(length=1, byteorder='big', *, signed=False)

Return an array of bytes representing an integer.

length

Length of bytes object to use. An OverflowError is raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of bytes. Default is length 1.

byteorder

The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is ‘big’, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little’, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder’ as the byte order value. Default is to use ‘big’.

signed

Determines whether two’s complement is used to represent the integer. If signed is False and a negative integer is given, an OverflowError is raised.

class genlayer.std._internal.prompt_ids.TemplateId

__abs__()

abs(self)

__add__(value, /)

Return self+value.

__and__(value, /)

Return self&value.

__bool__()

True if self else False

__ceil__()

Ceiling of an Integral returns itself.

__dir__()

Returns public methods and other interesting attributes.

__divmod__(value, /)

Return divmod(self, value).

__eq__(value, /)

Return self==value.

__float__()

float(self)

__floor__()

Flooring an Integral returns itself.

__floordiv__(value, /)

Return self//value.

__format__(format_spec, /)

Convert to a string according to format_spec.

__ge__(value, /)

Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(name, /)

Return getattr(self, name).

__gt__(value, /)

Return self>value.

__hash__()

Return hash(self).

__index__()

Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list.

__init__(*args, **kwds)

__int__()

int(self)

__invert__()

~self

__le__(value, /)

Return self<=value.

__lshift__(value, /)

Return self<<value.

__lt__(value, /)

Return self<value.

__mod__(value, /)

Return self%value.

__mul__(value, /)

Return self*value.

__ne__(value, /)

Return self!=value.

__neg__()

-self

__new__(value)

__or__(value, /)

Return self|value.

__pos__()

+self

__pow__(value, mod=None, /)

Return pow(self, value, mod).

__radd__(value, /)

Return value+self.

__rand__(value, /)

Return value&self.

__rdivmod__(value, /)

Return divmod(value, self).

__reduce_ex__(proto)

Helper for pickle.

__repr__()

Return repr(self).

__rfloordiv__(value, /)

Return value//self.

__rlshift__(value, /)

Return value<<self.

__rmod__(value, /)

Return value%self.

__rmul__(value, /)

Return value*self.

__ror__(value, /)

Return value|self.

__round__()

Rounding an Integral returns itself.

Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer.

__rpow__(value, mod=None, /)

Return pow(value, self, mod).

__rrshift__(value, /)

Return value>>self.

__rshift__(value, /)

Return self>>value.

__rsub__(value, /)

Return value-self.

__rtruediv__(value, /)

Return value/self.

__rxor__(value, /)

Return value^self.

__sizeof__()

Returns size in memory, in bytes.

__str__()

Return repr(self).

__sub__(value, /)

Return self-value.

__truediv__(value, /)

Return self/value.

__trunc__()

Truncating an Integral returns itself.

__xor__(value, /)

Return self^value.

as_integer_ratio()

Return a pair of integers, whose ratio is equal to the original int.

The ratio is in lowest terms and has a positive denominator.

>>> (10).as_integer_ratio()
(10, 1)
>>> (-10).as_integer_ratio()
(-10, 1)
>>> (0).as_integer_ratio()
(0, 1)

bit_count()

Number of ones in the binary representation of the absolute value of self.

Also known as the population count.

>>> bin(13)
'0b1101'
>>> (13).bit_count()
3

bit_length()

Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.

>>> bin(37)
'0b100101'
>>> (37).bit_length()
6

conjugate()

Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.

denominator

the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms

from_bytes(byteorder='big', *, signed=False)

Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes.

bytes

Holds the array of bytes to convert. The argument must either support the buffer protocol or be an iterable object producing bytes. Bytes and bytearray are examples of built-in objects that support the buffer protocol.

byteorder

The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is ‘big’, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little’, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder’ as the byte order value. Default is to use ‘big’.

signed

Indicates whether two’s complement is used to represent the integer.

imag

the imaginary part of a complex number

is_integer()

Returns True. Exists for duck type compatibility with float.is_integer.

numerator

the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms

real

the real part of a complex number

to_bytes(length=1, byteorder='big', *, signed=False)

Return an array of bytes representing an integer.

length

Length of bytes object to use. An OverflowError is raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of bytes. Default is length 1.

byteorder

The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is ‘big’, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little’, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder’ as the byte order value. Default is to use ‘big’.

signed

Determines whether two’s complement is used to represent the integer. If signed is False and a negative integer is given, an OverflowError is raised.

genlayer.std._internal.result_codes

class genlayer.std._internal.result_codes.IntEnum

Enum where members are also (and must be) ints

__abs__()

abs(self)

__add__(value, /)

Return self+value.

__and__(value, /)

Return self&value.

__bool__()

True if self else False

__ceil__()

Ceiling of an Integral returns itself.

__dir__()

Returns public methods and other interesting attributes.

__divmod__(value, /)

Return divmod(self, value).

__eq__(value, /)

Return self==value.

__float__()

float(self)

__floor__()

Flooring an Integral returns itself.

__floordiv__(value, /)

Return self//value.

__format__(format_spec, /)

Convert to a string according to format_spec.

__ge__(value, /)

Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(name, /)

Return getattr(self, name).

__gt__(value, /)

Return self>value.

__hash__()

Return hash(self).

__index__()

Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list.

__init__(*args, **kwds)

__int__()

int(self)

__invert__()

~self

__le__(value, /)

Return self<=value.

__lshift__(value, /)

Return self<<value.

__lt__(value, /)

Return self<value.

__mod__(value, /)

Return self%value.

__mul__(value, /)

Return self*value.

__ne__(value, /)

Return self!=value.

__neg__()

-self

__new__(value)

__or__(value, /)

Return self|value.

__pos__()

+self

__pow__(value, mod=None, /)

Return pow(self, value, mod).

__radd__(value, /)

Return value+self.

__rand__(value, /)

Return value&self.

__rdivmod__(value, /)

Return divmod(value, self).

__reduce_ex__(proto)

Helper for pickle.

__repr__()

Return repr(self).

__rfloordiv__(value, /)

Return value//self.

__rlshift__(value, /)

Return value<<self.

__rmod__(value, /)

Return value%self.

__rmul__(value, /)

Return value*self.

__ror__(value, /)

Return value|self.

__round__()

Rounding an Integral returns itself.

Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer.

__rpow__(value, mod=None, /)

Return pow(value, self, mod).

__rrshift__(value, /)

Return value>>self.

__rshift__(value, /)

Return self>>value.

__rsub__(value, /)

Return value-self.

__rtruediv__(value, /)

Return value/self.

__rxor__(value, /)

Return value^self.

__sizeof__()

Returns size in memory, in bytes.

__str__()

Return repr(self).

__sub__(value, /)

Return self-value.

__truediv__(value, /)

Return self/value.

__trunc__()

Truncating an Integral returns itself.

__xor__(value, /)

Return self^value.

as_integer_ratio()

Return a pair of integers, whose ratio is equal to the original int.

The ratio is in lowest terms and has a positive denominator.

>>> (10).as_integer_ratio()
(10, 1)
>>> (-10).as_integer_ratio()
(-10, 1)
>>> (0).as_integer_ratio()
(0, 1)

bit_count()

Number of ones in the binary representation of the absolute value of self.

Also known as the population count.

>>> bin(13)
'0b1101'
>>> (13).bit_count()
3

bit_length()

Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.

>>> bin(37)
'0b100101'
>>> (37).bit_length()
6

conjugate()

Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.

denominator

the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms

from_bytes(byteorder='big', *, signed=False)

Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes.

bytes

Holds the array of bytes to convert. The argument must either support the buffer protocol or be an iterable object producing bytes. Bytes and bytearray are examples of built-in objects that support the buffer protocol.

byteorder

The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is ‘big’, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little’, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder’ as the byte order value. Default is to use ‘big’.

signed

Indicates whether two’s complement is used to represent the integer.

imag

the imaginary part of a complex number

is_integer()

Returns True. Exists for duck type compatibility with float.is_integer.

numerator

the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms

real

the real part of a complex number

to_bytes(length=1, byteorder='big', *, signed=False)

Return an array of bytes representing an integer.

length

Length of bytes object to use. An OverflowError is raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of bytes. Default is length 1.

byteorder

The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is ‘big’, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little’, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder’ as the byte order value. Default is to use ‘big’.

signed

Determines whether two’s complement is used to represent the integer. If signed is False and a negative integer is given, an OverflowError is raised.

class genlayer.std._internal.result_codes.ResultCode

__abs__()

abs(self)

__add__(value, /)

Return self+value.

__and__(value, /)

Return self&value.

__bool__()

True if self else False

__ceil__()

Ceiling of an Integral returns itself.

__dir__()

Returns public methods and other interesting attributes.

__divmod__(value, /)

Return divmod(self, value).

__eq__(value, /)

Return self==value.

__float__()

float(self)

__floor__()

Flooring an Integral returns itself.

__floordiv__(value, /)

Return self//value.

__format__(format_spec, /)

Convert to a string according to format_spec.

__ge__(value, /)

Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(name, /)

Return getattr(self, name).

__gt__(value, /)

Return self>value.

__hash__()

Return hash(self).

__index__()

Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list.

__init__(*args, **kwds)

__int__()

int(self)

__invert__()

~self

__le__(value, /)

Return self<=value.

__lshift__(value, /)

Return self<<value.

__lt__(value, /)

Return self<value.

__mod__(value, /)

Return self%value.

__mul__(value, /)

Return self*value.

__ne__(value, /)

Return self!=value.

__neg__()

-self

__new__(value)

__or__(value, /)

Return self|value.

__pos__()

+self

__pow__(value, mod=None, /)

Return pow(self, value, mod).

__radd__(value, /)

Return value+self.

__rand__(value, /)

Return value&self.

__rdivmod__(value, /)

Return divmod(value, self).

__reduce_ex__(proto)

Helper for pickle.

__repr__()

Return repr(self).

__rfloordiv__(value, /)

Return value//self.

__rlshift__(value, /)

Return value<<self.

__rmod__(value, /)

Return value%self.

__rmul__(value, /)

Return value*self.

__ror__(value, /)

Return value|self.

__round__()

Rounding an Integral returns itself.

Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer.

__rpow__(value, mod=None, /)

Return pow(value, self, mod).

__rrshift__(value, /)

Return value>>self.

__rshift__(value, /)

Return self>>value.

__rsub__(value, /)

Return value-self.

__rtruediv__(value, /)

Return value/self.

__rxor__(value, /)

Return value^self.

__sizeof__()

Returns size in memory, in bytes.

__str__()

Return repr(self).

__sub__(value, /)

Return self-value.

__truediv__(value, /)

Return self/value.

__trunc__()

Truncating an Integral returns itself.

__xor__(value, /)

Return self^value.

as_integer_ratio()

Return a pair of integers, whose ratio is equal to the original int.

The ratio is in lowest terms and has a positive denominator.

>>> (10).as_integer_ratio()
(10, 1)
>>> (-10).as_integer_ratio()
(-10, 1)
>>> (0).as_integer_ratio()
(0, 1)

bit_count()

Number of ones in the binary representation of the absolute value of self.

Also known as the population count.

>>> bin(13)
'0b1101'
>>> (13).bit_count()
3

bit_length()

Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.

>>> bin(37)
'0b100101'
>>> (37).bit_length()
6

conjugate()

Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.

denominator

the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms

from_bytes(byteorder='big', *, signed=False)

Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes.

bytes

Holds the array of bytes to convert. The argument must either support the buffer protocol or be an iterable object producing bytes. Bytes and bytearray are examples of built-in objects that support the buffer protocol.

byteorder

The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is ‘big’, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little’, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder’ as the byte order value. Default is to use ‘big’.

signed

Indicates whether two’s complement is used to represent the integer.

imag

the imaginary part of a complex number

is_integer()

Returns True. Exists for duck type compatibility with float.is_integer.

numerator

the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms

real

the real part of a complex number

to_bytes(length=1, byteorder='big', *, signed=False)

Return an array of bytes representing an integer.

length

Length of bytes object to use. An OverflowError is raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of bytes. Default is length 1.

byteorder

The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is ‘big’, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little’, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder’ as the byte order value. Default is to use ‘big’.

signed

Determines whether two’s complement is used to represent the integer. If signed is False and a negative integer is given, an OverflowError is raised.

class genlayer.std._internal.result_codes.StorageType

__abs__()

abs(self)

__add__(value, /)

Return self+value.

__and__(value, /)

Return self&value.

__bool__()

True if self else False

__ceil__()

Ceiling of an Integral returns itself.

__dir__()

Returns public methods and other interesting attributes.

__divmod__(value, /)

Return divmod(self, value).

__eq__(value, /)

Return self==value.

__float__()

float(self)

__floor__()

Flooring an Integral returns itself.

__floordiv__(value, /)

Return self//value.

__format__(format_spec, /)

Convert to a string according to format_spec.

__ge__(value, /)

Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(name, /)

Return getattr(self, name).

__gt__(value, /)

Return self>value.

__hash__()

Return hash(self).

__index__()

Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list.

__init__(*args, **kwds)

__int__()

int(self)

__invert__()

~self

__le__(value, /)

Return self<=value.

__lshift__(value, /)

Return self<<value.

__lt__(value, /)

Return self<value.

__mod__(value, /)

Return self%value.

__mul__(value, /)

Return self*value.

__ne__(value, /)

Return self!=value.

__neg__()

-self

__new__(value)

__or__(value, /)

Return self|value.

__pos__()

+self

__pow__(value, mod=None, /)

Return pow(self, value, mod).

__radd__(value, /)

Return value+self.

__rand__(value, /)

Return value&self.

__rdivmod__(value, /)

Return divmod(value, self).

__reduce_ex__(proto)

Helper for pickle.

__repr__()

Return repr(self).

__rfloordiv__(value, /)

Return value//self.

__rlshift__(value, /)

Return value<<self.

__rmod__(value, /)

Return value%self.

__rmul__(value, /)

Return value*self.

__ror__(value, /)

Return value|self.

__round__()

Rounding an Integral returns itself.

Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer.

__rpow__(value, mod=None, /)

Return pow(value, self, mod).

__rrshift__(value, /)

Return value>>self.

__rshift__(value, /)

Return self>>value.

__rsub__(value, /)

Return value-self.

__rtruediv__(value, /)

Return value/self.

__rxor__(value, /)

Return value^self.

__sizeof__()

Returns size in memory, in bytes.

__str__()

Return repr(self).

__sub__(value, /)

Return self-value.

__truediv__(value, /)

Return self/value.

__trunc__()

Truncating an Integral returns itself.

__xor__(value, /)

Return self^value.

as_integer_ratio()

Return a pair of integers, whose ratio is equal to the original int.

The ratio is in lowest terms and has a positive denominator.

>>> (10).as_integer_ratio()
(10, 1)
>>> (-10).as_integer_ratio()
(-10, 1)
>>> (0).as_integer_ratio()
(0, 1)

bit_count()

Number of ones in the binary representation of the absolute value of self.

Also known as the population count.

>>> bin(13)
'0b1101'
>>> (13).bit_count()
3

bit_length()

Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.

>>> bin(37)
'0b100101'
>>> (37).bit_length()
6

conjugate()

Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.

denominator

the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms

from_bytes(byteorder='big', *, signed=False)

Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes.

bytes

Holds the array of bytes to convert. The argument must either support the buffer protocol or be an iterable object producing bytes. Bytes and bytearray are examples of built-in objects that support the buffer protocol.

byteorder

The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is ‘big’, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little’, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder’ as the byte order value. Default is to use ‘big’.

signed

Indicates whether two’s complement is used to represent the integer.

imag

the imaginary part of a complex number

is_integer()

Returns True. Exists for duck type compatibility with float.is_integer.

numerator

the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms

real

the real part of a complex number

to_bytes(length=1, byteorder='big', *, signed=False)

Return an array of bytes representing an integer.

length

Length of bytes object to use. An OverflowError is raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of bytes. Default is length 1.

byteorder

The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is ‘big’, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little’, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder’ as the byte order value. Default is to use ‘big’.

signed

Determines whether two’s complement is used to represent the integer. If signed is False and a negative integer is given, an OverflowError is raised.

genlayer.std._internal.storage

genlayer.std._internal.storage.STORAGE_MAN = <genlayer.std._internal.storage._ActualStorageMan object>

Storage slots manager that provides an access to the “Host” (node) state

genlayer.std._wasi

genlayer.std.advanced

This module provides some “advanced” features that can be used for optimizations

If you are using something “advanced” you must know what you do

class genlayer.std.advanced.AlreadySerializedResult

If contract method returns instance of this class, calldata encoding won’t be performed. Instead stored bytes will be passed as is

__add__(value, /)

Return self+value.

__buffer__(flags, /)

Return a buffer object that exposes the underlying memory of the object.

__bytes__()

Convert this value to exact type bytes.

__contains__(key, /)

Return bool(key in self).

__eq__(value, /)

Return self==value.

__ge__(value, /)

Return self>=value.

__getattribute__(name, /)

Return getattr(self, name).

__getitem__(key, /)

Return self[key].

__gt__(value, /)

Return self>value.

__hash__()

Return hash(self).

__iter__()

Implement iter(self).

__le__(value, /)

Return self<=value.

__len__()

Return len(self).

__lt__(value, /)

Return self<value.

__mod__(value, /)

Return self%value.

__mul__(value, /)

Return self*value.

__ne__(value, /)

Return self!=value.

static __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)

Forwards all arguments to bytes

__repr__()

Return repr(self).

__rmod__(value, /)

Return value%self.

__rmul__(value, /)

Return value*self.

__str__()

Return str(self).

capitalize() → copy of B

Return a copy of B with only its first character capitalized (ASCII) and the rest lower-cased.

center(width, fillchar=b' ', /)

Return a centered string of length width.

Padding is done using the specified fill character.

count(sub[, start[, end]]) → int

Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of subsection sub in bytes B[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.

decode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')

Decode the bytes using the codec registered for encoding.

encoding

The encoding with which to decode the bytes.

errors

The error handling scheme to use for the handling of decoding errors. The default is ‘strict’ meaning that decoding errors raise a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are ‘ignore’ and ‘replace’ as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.

endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) → bool

Return True if B ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test B beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing B at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of bytes to try.

expandtabs(tabsize=8)

Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.

If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.

find(sub[, start[, end]]) → int

Return the lowest index in B where subsection sub is found, such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.

Return -1 on failure.

fromhex()

Create a bytes object from a string of hexadecimal numbers.

Spaces between two numbers are accepted. Example: bytes.fromhex(‘B9 01EF’) -> b’\xb9\x01\xef’.

hex()

Create a string of hexadecimal numbers from a bytes object.

sep

An optional single character or byte to separate hex bytes.

bytes_per_sep

How many bytes between separators. Positive values count from the right, negative values count from the left.

Example: >>> value = b’xb9x01xef’ >>> value.hex() ‘b901ef’ >>> value.hex(‘:’) ‘b9:01:ef’ >>> value.hex(‘:’, 2) ‘b9:01ef’ >>> value.hex(‘:’, -2) ‘b901:ef’

index(sub[, start[, end]]) → int

Return the lowest index in B where subsection sub is found, such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.

Raises ValueError when the subsection is not found.

isalnum() → bool

Return True if all characters in B are alphanumeric and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.

isalpha() → bool

Return True if all characters in B are alphabetic and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.

isascii() → bool

Return True if B is empty or all characters in B are ASCII, False otherwise.

isdigit() → bool

Return True if all characters in B are digits and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.

islower() → bool

Return True if all cased characters in B are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in B, False otherwise.

isspace() → bool

Return True if all characters in B are whitespace and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise.

istitle() → bool

Return True if B is a titlecased string and there is at least one character in B, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False otherwise.

isupper() → bool

Return True if all cased characters in B are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in B, False otherwise.

join(iterable_of_bytes, /)

Concatenate any number of bytes objects.

The bytes whose method is called is inserted in between each pair.

The result is returned as a new bytes object.

Example: b’.’.join([b’ab’, b’pq’, b’rs’]) -> b’ab.pq.rs’.

ljust(width, fillchar=b' ', /)

Return a left-justified string of length width.

Padding is done using the specified fill character.

lower() → copy of B

Return a copy of B with all ASCII characters converted to lowercase.

lstrip(bytes=None, /)

Strip leading bytes contained in the argument.

If the argument is omitted or None, strip leading ASCII whitespace.

static maketrans(frm, to, /)

Return a translation table useable for the bytes or bytearray translate method.

The returned table will be one where each byte in frm is mapped to the byte at the same position in to.

The bytes objects frm and to must be of the same length.

partition(sep, /)

Partition the bytes into three parts using the given separator.

This will search for the separator sep in the bytes. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.

If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original bytes object and two empty bytes objects.

removeprefix(prefix, /)

Return a bytes object with the given prefix string removed if present.

If the bytes starts with the prefix string, return bytes[len(prefix):]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original bytes.

removesuffix(suffix, /)

Return a bytes object with the given suffix string removed if present.

If the bytes ends with the suffix string and that suffix is not empty, return bytes[:-len(prefix)]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original bytes.

replace(old, new, count=-1, /)

Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.

count

Maximum number of occurrences to replace. -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.

If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.

rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) → int

Return the highest index in B where subsection sub is found, such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.

Return -1 on failure.

rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) → int

Return the highest index in B where subsection sub is found, such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.

Raise ValueError when the subsection is not found.

rjust(width, fillchar=b' ', /)

Return a right-justified string of length width.

Padding is done using the specified fill character.

rpartition(sep, /)

Partition the bytes into three parts using the given separator.

This will search for the separator sep in the bytes, starting at the end. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.

If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty bytes objects and the original bytes object.

rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)

Return a list of the sections in the bytes, using sep as the delimiter.

sep

The delimiter according which to split the bytes. None (the default value) means split on ASCII whitespace characters (space, tab, return, newline, formfeed, vertical tab).

maxsplit

Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.

Splitting is done starting at the end of the bytes and working to the front.

rstrip(bytes=None, /)

Strip trailing bytes contained in the argument.

If the argument is omitted or None, strip trailing ASCII whitespace.

split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)

Return a list of the sections in the bytes, using sep as the delimiter.

sep

The delimiter according which to split the bytes. None (the default value) means split on ASCII whitespace characters (space, tab, return, newline, formfeed, vertical tab).

maxsplit

Maximum number of splits to do. -1 (the default value) means no limit.

splitlines(keepends=False)

Return a list of the lines in the bytes, breaking at line boundaries.

Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.

startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) → bool

Return True if B starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test B beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing B at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of bytes to try.

strip(bytes=None, /)

Strip leading and trailing bytes contained in the argument.

If the argument is omitted or None, strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace.

swapcase() → copy of B

Return a copy of B with uppercase ASCII characters converted to lowercase ASCII and vice versa.

title() → copy of B

Return a titlecased version of B, i.e. ASCII words start with uppercase characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.

translate(table, /, delete=b'')

Return a copy with each character mapped by the given translation table.

table

Translation table, which must be a bytes object of length 256.

All characters occurring in the optional argument delete are removed. The remaining characters are mapped through the given translation table.

upper() → copy of B

Return a copy of B with all ASCII characters converted to uppercase.

zfill(width, /)

Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width.

The original string is never truncated.

class genlayer.std.advanced.ContractError

Represents “Contract error” result of a contract that is passed to validator function of genlayer.std.run_nondet()

Validating leader output is the only place where contract can “handle” contract error

__eq__(other)

Return self==value.

__hash__ = None

__init__(data: str) → None

__repr__()

Return repr(self).

class genlayer.std.advanced.ContractReturn

Represents a normal “Return” result of a contract that is passed to validator function of genlayer.std.run_nondet()

__eq__(other)

Return self==value.

__hash__ = None

__init__(data: Any) → None

__repr__()

Return repr(self).

class genlayer.std.advanced.Lazy

Base class to support lazy evaluation

__init__(_eval: Callable[[], T])

get() → T

Performs evaluation if necessary (only ones) and stores the result

Returns:

result of evaluating

Raises:

iff evaluation raised, this outcome is also cached, so subsequent calls will raise same exception

Return type:

T

exception genlayer.std.advanced.Rollback

Exception that will be treated as a “Rollback”

__cause__

exception cause

__context__

exception context

__getattribute__(name, /)

Return getattr(self, name).

__init__(msg: str)

__new__(**kwargs)

__reduce__()

Helper for pickle.

__repr__()

Return repr(self).

__str__()

Return str(self).

add_note()

Exception.add_note(note) – add a note to the exception

with_traceback()

Exception.with_traceback(tb) – set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.

genlayer.std.advanced.dataclass(cls=None, /, *, init=True, repr=True, eq=True, order=False, unsafe_hash=False, frozen=False, match_args=True, kw_only=False, slots=False, weakref_slot=False)

Add dunder methods based on the fields defined in the class.

Examines PEP 526 __annotations__ to determine fields.

If init is true, an __init__() method is added to the class. If repr is true, a __repr__() method is added. If order is true, rich comparison dunder methods are added. If unsafe_hash is true, a __hash__() method is added. If frozen is true, fields may not be assigned to after instance creation. If match_args is true, the __match_args__ tuple is added. If kw_only is true, then by default all fields are keyword-only. If slots is true, a new class with a __slots__ attribute is returned.

genlayer.std.advanced.run_nondet(leader_fn: Callable[[], T], validator_fn: Callable[[ContractReturn | Rollback | ContractError], bool]) → Lazy

Most generic user-friendly api to execute a non-deterministic block

Parameters:

• leader_fn (Callable[[], T]) – function that is executed in the leader

• validator_fn (Callable[[ContractReturn | Rollback | ContractError], bool]) – function that is executed in the validator that also checks leader result

Return type:

Lazy

Uses cloudpickle to pass a “function” to sub VM

genlayer.std.advanced.validator_handle_rollbacks_and_errors_default(fn: Callable[[], Any], leaders_result: ContractReturn | Rollback | ContractError) → tuple[Any, Any]

Default function to handle rollbacks and contract errors

Errors and rollbacks are always checked for strict equality, which means that it’s user responsibility to dump least possible text in there

Returns:

ContractReturn.data iff both results are not errors/rollbacks

Return type:

tuple[Any, Any]

genlayer.std.eq_principles

genlayer.std.eq_principles.eq_principle_prompt_comparative(fn: Callable[[], Any], principle: str) → str

Comparative equivalence principle that utilizes NLP for verifying that results are equivalent

Parameters:

• fn (Callable[[], Any]) – function that does all the job

• principle (str) – principle with which equivalence will be evaluated in the validator

Return type:

str

Note

As leader results are encoded as calldata, format() is used for string representation. However, operating on strings by yourself is more safe in general

Note

supports .lazy() version, which will return Lazy

genlayer.std.eq_principles.eq_principle_prompt_non_comparative(fn: Callable[[], str], *, task: str, criteria: str) → str

Non-comparative equivalence principle that must cover most common use cases

Both leader and validator finish their execution via NLP, that is used to perform task on input. Leader just executes this task, but the validator checks if task was performed with integrity. This principle is useful when task is subjective

Note

supports .lazy() version, which will return Lazy

Return type:

str

genlayer.std.eq_principles.eq_principle_strict_eq(fn: Callable[[], T]) → T

Comparative equivalence principle that checks for strict equality

Parameters:

fn (Callable[[], T]) – functions to perform an action

Return type:

T

Note

supports .lazy() version, which will return Lazy

genlayer.std.eq_principles.sandbox(data: Callable[[], Any]) → Any

Runs function in the sandbox

Warning

It returns result via pickle, which can be unsafe. If it is not desired wrap it to bytes yourself

Note

supports .lazy() version, which will return Lazy

Return type:

Any

genlayer.std.eth

genlayer.std.eth.eth_contract(contr: EthContractDeclaration) → Callable[[Address], EthContractProxy]

@gl.eth_contract
class Ghost:
        class View:
                pass

        class Write:
                def test(self, x: u256, /) -> None: ...

Return type:

Callable[[Address], EthContractProxy]

genlayer.std.genvm_contracts

class genlayer.std.genvm_contracts.ContractAt

Provides a way to call view methods and send transactions to GenVM contracts

__init__(addr: Address)

address: Address

Address to which this proxy points

emit(**data: Unpack[TransactionDataKwArgs])

Namespace with write message

view()

Namespace with all view methods

class genlayer.std.genvm_contracts.DeploymentTransactionDataKwArgs

Class for representing parameters of deploy_contract

salt_nonce: NotRequired[u256 | Literal[0]]

iff it is provided and does not equal to \(0\) then Address of deployed contract will be known ahead of time. It will depend on this field

class genlayer.std.genvm_contracts.TransactionDataKwArgs

Built-in parameters of all transaction messages that a contract can emit

Warning

parameters are subject to change!

genlayer.std.genvm_contracts.contract_interface(_contr: GenVMContractDeclaration) → Callable[[Address], GenVMContractProxy]

This decorator produces an “interface” for other GenVM contracts. It has no semantical value, but can be used for auto completion and type checks

@gl.contract_interface
class MyContract:
  class View:
    def view_meth(self, i: int) -> int: ...

  class Write:
    def write_meth(self, i: int) -> None: ...

Return type:

Callable[[Address], GenVMContractProxy]

genlayer.std.genvm_contracts.deploy_contract(*, code: bytes, args: Sequence[Any] = [], kwargs: Mapping[str, Any] = {}) → None

genlayer.std.genvm_contracts.deploy_contract(*, code: bytes, args: Sequence[Any] = [], salt_nonce: Literal[0], kwargs: Mapping[str, Any] = {}) → Address

Function for deploying new genvm contracts

Parameters:

code – code (i.e. contents of a python file) of the contract

Returns:

address of new contract iff salt_nonce was provided

genlayer.std.nondet_fns

class genlayer.std.nondet_fns.ExecPromptKwArgs

class genlayer.std.nondet_fns.GetWebpageKwArgs

mode: Literal['html', 'text']

Mode in which to return the result

genlayer.std.nondet_fns.exec_prompt(prompt: str, **config: Unpack[ExecPromptKwArgs]) → str

API to execute a prompt (perform NLP)

Parameters:

• prompt (str) – prompt itself

• **config (ExecPromptKwArgs) – configuration

Return type:

str

Note

supports .lazy() version, which will return Lazy

genlayer.std.nondet_fns.get_webpage(url: str, **config: Unpack[GetWebpageKwArgs]) → str

API to get a webpage after rendering it

Parameters:

• url (str) – url of website

• **config (GetWebpageKwArgs) – configuration

Return type:

str

Note

supports .lazy() version, which will return Lazy

genlayer.std.runner

Module that is used to run python contracts in the default way

genlayer.std.runner.run(mod)

Parameters:

mod – module that contains a contract